Other Umbilical Cord Blood Resources
- Umbilical cord - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- Cord blood - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Umbilical cord blood is blood that remains in the placenta and in the ... Cord blood is obtained from the umbilical cord at the time of childbirth, after the cord ...
- Cord Blood Transplants Umbilical cord blood is playing an important and growing role in the treatment of leukemia, lymphoma and other life-threatening blood diseases. ...
- Umbilical Cord Blood - March of Dimes Umbilical cord blood is source of stem cells. Stem cells can be used to treat various disorders. Parents can choose whether to store their baby's cord blood.
- UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD. com This internet domain name is available to purchase. For further details please contact allfrey@reasonhill.fsnet.co.uk. or +44 (1622) 741876 ...
- Viacord Enables parents to store their newborn's umbilical cord blood as a potential source of stem cells.
- Banking Your Newborn's Cord Blood They are deciding to bank their newborn's cord blood. Is cord-blood banking right for you? ... Umbilical cord blood stem cells aren't adequate in quantity to complete an adult's ...
- Parent's Guide to Cord Blood BROCHURE Educational Brochures. USA English. USA en Espanol. Canada English. French Canadian. Copyright 2009 - 2010 Frances Verter, PhD ...
- Cord Blood Information After a baby is born, the umbilical cord and placenta are no longer needed and are usually discarded. ... Learn how umbilical cord blood may be able to help a patient in need. ...
- How to Donate Cord Blood How to donate your baby's umbilical cord blood to a public cord blood bank to share a lifeline with a patient in need.
- Cord Blood Registry Biological storage company offering parents the opportunity to cryogenically store their baby's cord blood stem cells in case of future need.
- Cord Blood Banking Canada - Umbilical Cord Blood Banking ... Lifebank provides Umbilical Cord Blood storage for expectant families all accross Canada. Lifebank is the first cord blood bank in Canada and was ...
- Should you bank your baby's umbilical-cord blood? - By Amanda ... Expectant parents know the pitch: Save the blood from your baby's umbilical cord. The advice comes from companies offering to collect and store the ...
- Cord Blood Registry - What is Cord Blood? Learn more about saving your baby's cord blood with the world's leading cord blood bank.
- LifebankUSA Cord Blood Bank Physician founded and operated umbilical cord blood banking company.
- Cord Blood Awareness - Educating America About Cord Blood ... Cord Blood Awareness - Educating America About Cord Blood Banking ... No. The cord blood is collected only after the baby has been delivered and the umbilical cord has been cut. ...
- What is Cord Blood Banking? - ViaCord, The Cord Blood Experts In its simplest terms, cord blood banking is the collection and storage of the stem cells found in your newborn's umbilical cord.
- Cord Blood Awareness - Educating America About Cord Blood Banking Cord Blood Awareness - Educating America About Cord Blood Banking ... The region's first public-private umbilical cord blood collection service is being offered through McGee ...
- umbilical cord: Definition from Answers.com umbilical cord n. Anatomy . The flexible cordlike structure connecting a fetus at the abdomen with the placenta and containing two umbilical arteries
- Banking Cord Blood Stem Cells - FamilyCord Banking Cord Blood - Cord Blood Banking is a medical option that offers parents the opportunity to collect and cryogenically store their newborn's umbilical cord ...
- Umbilical Cord Blood : Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation ... The purpose of this study is to determine if umbilical cord blood can potentially be part of early treatment regimens for type 1 diabetes. ...
- Umbilical Cord Blood Banking (SAC Opinion Paper 2) | Royal ... Since 1996, UK cord blood banking of haemopoietic stem cells (HSC) from umbilical cord blood has been undertaken largely by NHS facilities within the National Blood ...
- Umbilical Cord Blood Project Background Message and Messenger Project Background regarding the donation of umbilical cord blood
- Cord blood stem cells For nine months, they perform unique developmental work in order to create a small human being from just a few cells. Stem cells from the umbilical cord ...
- Parent's Guide to Cord Blood Our mission is to provide an impartial review of cord blood storage options for parents who are contemplating this form of medical insurance.
- Umbilical Cord Blood - Link to Life Umbilical Cord Blood - Link to Life. Birthing Families need to know they have the power to help save lives ... Umbilical cord blood cells can be used currently to treat over ...
- Cord Blood America and Cord Partners, Inc., markets a service to preserve the umbilical cord blood in a patented process for future use exclusively by the donating family. ...
- Umbilical Cord Blood - Umbilical Cord Blood Banking Cord blood is collected from the umbilical cord immediately after the ... The umbilical cord is clamped and cut in the same manner as it would ...
- The Umbilical Cord Cord prolapse passage of the umbilical cord through the cervix prior ... Compromise of the fetal blood flow through the umbilical cord vessels can have serious ...
- Umbilical Cord Care Umbilical Cord Care The umbilical cord is the baby's lifeline to the mother during pregnancy. However, it is no longer needed once the baby is born. ...
- Catalyst: Cord Blood - ABC TV Science How to bank your babies blood - Private or Public? The new liquid gold in medicine is cord blood but this tiny amount of blood in the umbilical cord connecting mother ...
- Progenics Cord Blood Cryobank - FAQ Banking umbilical cord blood, A Gift of Life ... However, umbilical cord blood is another very important source of these precious life saving stem cells. ...
- Cord Blood Rights - A Mother's Right to Know No. Cord blood is collected from an umbilical cord immediately after the baby has been delivered. The collection can only take place at the time of the delivery. ...
- Donating Umbilical Cord Blood to a Public Bank Learn what's involved in donating umbilical cord blood and where to donate cord blood.
- CRYO-CELL International Cellular storage company specializing in preserving newborn babies' cord blood stem cells.
- What is cord blood? - National Cord Blood Program What is Cord Blood? After a baby is born and the umbilical cord is cut, some blood remains in the blood vessels of the placenta and the portion ...
- HowStuffWorks "Should you save your baby's umbilical cord blood?" Umbilical cord blood usually gets thrown away as medical waste, but maybe you should keep it. Umbilical cord blood is an important source of CBE stem cells.
- Umbilical cord blood storage with Stork Medical FAQ about stem cell banking and umbilical cord blood storage. Answers ethical, practical and specific issues relating to umbilical cord bood storage.
- Cord blood: Definition from Answers.com cord blood n. Blood present in the umbilical vessels at the time of delivery.
- Umbilical Cord Blood - March of Dimes Umbilical cord blood (often called cord blood) is the blood left in the umbilical cord and placenta after the baby is born and the cord is cut. ...
- Cord Blood Forum Approximately 14,000 umbilical cord blood transplants have been ... Cord blood has become a proven source of stem cells for transplantation, and the procedure is no longer ...
- Banking on Umbilical Cord Blood Developing more ways to use stem cells to treat disease, more parents are opting to save their newborns' umbilical cord blood as a sort of a 'biological insurance policy.
- Umbilical Cord Blood | Pregnancy | Women's Health Information ... When a baby is born, his or her umbilical cord is filled with a small amount of blood. This blood contains high numbers of special cells called stem cells. ...
- The umbilical cord blood processing As we already mentioned, sterility is critical for harvesting the umbilical cord blood, the contamination mostly comes from the birth canal. ...
- Storing Umbilical Cord Blood: Is storing your baby's ... Evidence that stem cells from umbilical cord blood is a rich resource is quite clear. What is unclear is whether private storage is a wise investment for parents.
- Shanghai Cord Blood Bank Parents can pay thousands of dollars to privately store their newborn's umbilical-cord blood or they can donate the blood to a public bank for free. ...
- cord blood bank india stem cell banking cordlife Cordlife - cord blood bank stem cell storage ... CordLife Sciences India is India first international private umbilical cord and cord blood bank, operating since 2008. ...
- Umbilical Cord Blood Banking Information on MedicineNet.com As scientists develop more ways to use stem cells to treat disease, more parents are opting to save their newborns' umbilical cord blood as a sort of a 'biological ...
- Umbilical Cord Blood Collection, Masonic Cancer Center ... An umbilical cord blood transplant begins with a signature: the signed consent of expectant parents. ... She sought out umbilical cord blood donation because she has friends ...
- Umbilical cord blood utilisation Umbilical cord blood utilisation. In this chapter you will learn more about the umbilical cord blood findings that are currently available. ...
- Cord blood - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Umbilical cord blood is blood that remains in the placenta and in the ... Cord blood is obtained from the umbilical cord at the time of childbirth, after the cord ...
- Umbilical cord - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The umbilical vein supplies the fetus with oxygenated, nutrient-rich blood from the placenta. ... The umbilical cord develops from and contains remnants of the yolk sac and ...
- Cord Blood Transplants Umbilical cord blood is playing an important and growing role in the treatment of leukemia, lymphoma and other life-threatening blood diseases. ...
- Umbilical Cord Blood - March of Dimes Umbilical cord blood is source of stem cells. Stem cells can be used to treat various disorders. Parents can choose whether to store their baby's cord blood.
- How to Donate Cord Blood How to donate your baby's umbilical cord blood to a public cord blood bank to share a lifeline with a patient in need.
- Viacord Enables parents to store their newborn's umbilical cord blood as a potential source of stem cells.
- Cord Blood Registry Biological storage company offering parents the opportunity to cryogenically store their baby's cord blood stem cells in case of future need.
- Banking Your Newborn's Cord Blood They are deciding to bank their newborn's cord blood. Is cord-blood banking right for you? ... Umbilical cord blood stem cells aren't adequate in quantity to complete an adult's ...
- Cord Blood Registry - What is Cord Blood? Learn more about saving your baby's cord blood with the world's leading cord blood bank.
- Cord Blood Banking Canada - Umbilical Cord Blood Banking ... Lifebank provides Umbilical Cord Blood storage for expectant families all accross Canada. Lifebank is the first cord blood bank in Canada and was ...
- Banking Cord Blood Stem Cells - FamilyCord Banking Cord Blood - Cord Blood Banking is a medical option that offers parents the opportunity to collect and cryogenically store their newborn's umbilical cord ...
- LifebankUSA Cord Blood Bank Physician founded and operated umbilical cord blood banking company.
- Umbilical Cord Blood, Blood Cord | ViaCord There are several different kinds of stem cells found throughout the body; however umbilical cord blood stem cells offer several advantages over other sources. Find ...
- Cord Blood Awareness - Educating America About Cord Blood ... Cord Blood Awareness - Educating America About Cord Blood Banking ... No. The cord blood is collected only after the baby has been delivered and the umbilical cord has been cut. ...
- Umbilical Cord Blood - Link to Life Umbilical Cord Blood - Link to Life. Birthing Families need to know they have the power to help save lives ... Umbilical cord blood cells can be used currently to treat over ...
- Cord Blood America and Cord Partners, Inc., markets a service to preserve the umbilical cord blood in a patented process for future use exclusively by the donating family. ...
- Umbilical Cord Blood Banking (SAC Opinion Paper 2) | Royal ... Since 1996, UK cord blood banking of haemopoietic stem cells (HSC) from umbilical cord blood has been undertaken largely by NHS facilities within the National Blood ...
- Umbilical Cord Blood : Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation ... The purpose of this study is to determine if umbilical cord blood can potentially be part of early treatment regimens for type 1 diabetes. ...
- Umbilical Cord Blood - Umbilical Cord Blood Banking Cord blood is collected from the umbilical cord immediately after the ... The umbilical cord is clamped and cut in the same manner as it would ...
- umbilical cord: Definition from Answers.com umbilical cord n. Anatomy . The flexible cordlike structure connecting a fetus at the abdomen with the placenta and containing two umbilical arteries
- HowStuffWorks "Should you save your baby's umbilical cord blood?" Umbilical cord blood usually gets thrown away as medical waste, but maybe you should keep it. Umbilical cord blood is an important source of CBE stem cells.
- The Umbilical Cord Cord prolapse passage of the umbilical cord through the cervix prior ... Compromise of the fetal blood flow through the umbilical cord vessels can have serious ...
- Progenics Cord Blood Cryobank - FAQ Banking umbilical cord blood, A Gift of Life ... However, umbilical cord blood is another very important source of these precious life saving stem cells. ...
- Cord blood: Definition from Answers.com cord blood n. Blood present in the umbilical vessels at the time of delivery.
- Cord Blood Awareness - Educating America About Cord Blood Banking Cord Blood Awareness - Educating America About Cord Blood Banking ... The region's first public-private umbilical cord blood collection service is being offered through McGee ...
- Parent's Guide to Cord Blood Our mission is to provide an impartial review of cord blood storage options for parents who are contemplating this form of medical insurance.
- CRYO-CELL International Cellular storage company specializing in preserving newborn babies' cord blood stem cells.
- Umbilical cord blood storage with Stork Medical FAQ about stem cell banking and umbilical cord blood storage. Answers ethical, practical and specific issues relating to umbilical cord bood storage.
- Options for Umbilical Cord Blood Banking and Donation Learn how cord blood may be donated to a public cord blood bank, stored in a family (private) bank, saved for a family member, or used for research studies.
- Medical Pros & Cons Cord Blood Banking Umbilical cord blood contains blood stem cells that are even more ... Umbilical cord blood can be stored in cryogenic freezers, ready for use as soon as it is ...
- What is cord blood? - National Cord Blood Program What is Cord Blood? After a baby is born and the umbilical cord is cut, some blood remains in the blood vessels of the placenta and the portion ...
- Umbilical Cord Care Umbilical Cord Care The umbilical cord is the baby's lifeline to the mother during pregnancy. However, it is no longer needed once the baby is born. ...
- Cord Blood Rights - A Mother's Right to Know No. Cord blood is collected from an umbilical cord immediately after the baby has been delivered. The collection can only take place at the time of the delivery. ...
- Umbilical Cord Blood Donation UMass Memorial Medical Center offers an umbilical cord blood donation program on our Memorial Campus through Cryobanks International, Inc.
- Doctors use umbilical cord blood to tackle more incurable ... Umbilical cord blood is already helping cancer patients and those suffering from blood disorders. Now, doctors are using umbilical cord blood to tackle ...
- Storing Umbilical Cord Blood: Is storing your baby's ... Evidence that stem cells from umbilical cord blood is a rich resource is quite clear. What is unclear is whether private storage is a wise investment for parents.
- Umbilical Cord Blood - March of Dimes Umbilical cord blood (often called cord blood) is the blood left in the umbilical cord and placenta after the baby is born and the cord is cut. ...
- AMA - Print Page Reviews use of umbilical cord blood transplantation as an alternative to bone marrow transplantation.
- pregnancy - Umbilical Cord Blood As soon as a new baby is born, the umbilical cord that connects the baby to the mother is discarded. ... Umbilical cord blood is used in this transplant just like bone marrow. ...
- Donating Umbilical Cord Blood to a Public Bank Learn what's involved in donating umbilical cord blood and where to donate cord blood.
- Cord Blood Forum Approximately 14,000 umbilical cord blood transplants have been ... Cord blood has become a proven source of stem cells for transplantation, and the procedure is no longer ...
- Umbilical Cord Blood - Children's Healthcare of Atlanta The placenta and umbilical cord of a newborn baby are a rich source of blood stem cells. The blood stem cells can be collected when a baby is born by: ...
- Percutaneous Umbilical Cord Blood Sampling Percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling (PUBS) is a diagnostic procedure in which a doctor extracts a sample of fetal blood from the vein in the umbilical cord. ...
- The umbilical cord blood processing As we already mentioned, sterility is critical for harvesting the umbilical cord blood, the contamination mostly comes from the birth canal. ...
- Shanghai Cord Blood Bank Parents can pay thousands of dollars to privately store their newborn's umbilical-cord blood or they can donate the blood to a public bank for free. ...
- Umbilical Cord Blood: The Future of Stem Cell Research? Scientists have found that umbilical cord blood may be a new source of organ-growing stem cells. But experts disagree about the future of this potentially ...
- cord blood bank india stem cell banking cordlife Cordlife - cord blood bank stem cell storage ... CordLife Sciences India is India first international private umbilical cord and cord blood bank, operating since 2008. ...
- EWG Minority Cord Blood Report - BPA and Other Chemicals ... EWG's Minority Cord Blood study finds toxic chemicals like BPA, flame retardants, PCBs for the first time in umbilical cord blood.
- Lifebank Cryogenics Corp. Collects umbilical cord blood for storage for Canadian and international families.
- Umbilical cord blood utilisation Umbilical cord blood utilisation. In this chapter you will learn more about the umbilical cord blood findings that are currently available. ...
- Cord blood - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Umbilical cord blood is blood that remains in the placenta and in the ... Cord blood is obtained from the umbilical cord at the time of childbirth, after ...
- Cord Blood Registry Biological storage company offering parents the opportunity to cryogenically store their baby's cord blood stem cells in case of future need.
- Umbilical cord - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The umbilical vein supplies the fetus with oxygenated, nutrient-rich blood from the placenta. ... The umbilical cord develops from and contains remnants of the yolk ...
- Cord Blood Transplants Umbilical cord blood is playing an important and growing role in the treatment of leukemia, lymphoma and other life-threatening blood diseases. ...
- Cord Blood Registry - What is Cord Blood? Learn more about saving your baby's cord blood with the world's leading cord blood bank.
- Umbilical Cord Blood - March of Dimes Umbilical cord blood is source of stem cells. Stem cells can be used to treat various disorders. Parents can choose whether to store their baby's cord blood.
- Viacord Enables parents to store their newborn's umbilical cord blood as a potential source of stem cells.
- Cord Blood Donation: Frequently Asked Questions Cord blood donation and storage -- answers to frequently asked questions
- Parent's Guide to Cord Blood BROCHURE Educational Brochures. USA en Espanol. Copyright 2009 Frances Verter, PhD ...
- Umbilical Cord Blood, Blood Cord | ViaCord There are several different kinds of stem cells found throughout the body; however umbilical cord blood stem cells offer several advantages over other sources. Find ...
- Banking Cord Blood Stem Cells - FamilyCord Banking Cord Blood - Cord Blood Banking is a medical option that offers parents the opportunity to collect and cryogenically store their newborn's umbilical cord ...
- Cord Blood Awareness - Educating America About Cord Blood ... Cord Blood Awareness - Educating America About Cord Blood Banking ... No. The cord blood is collected only after the baby has been delivered and the umbilical cord has been cut. ...
- Umbilical Cord Blood - Umbilical Cord Blood Banking What Every Expectant Parent Should Know About Cord Blood. What are my ... Cord blood is collected from the umbilical cord immediately after the birth of the baby, ...
- Banking Your Newborn's Cord Blood They are deciding to bank their newborn's cord blood. Is cord-blood banking right for you? ... Umbilical cord blood stem cells aren't adequate in quantity to complete an adult's ...
- Umbilical Cord Blood - Link to Life Umbilical Cord Blood - Link to Life - Press Release ... ITxM Cord Blood Services is the Public Bank in Illinois where families can donate their umbilical cord blood for free. ...
- Umbilical Cord Blood Donation Cord blood is the blood left over in the umbilical cord and placenta after a baby is born. ... Cord blood is rich in blood-forming stem cells that can be used to ...
- Umbilical Cord Blood : Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation ... The purpose of this study is to determine if umbilical cord blood can potentially be part of early treatment regimens for type 1 diabetes. ...
- Cord Blood By injecting umbilical cord blood in laboratory rats elderly, researchers at the ... Stem cells from umbilical cord blood, by their degree of immaturity, ...
- umbilical cord: Definition from Answers.com umbilical cord n. Anatomy . The flexible cordlike structure connecting a fetus at the abdomen with the placenta and containing two umbilical arteries
- LifebankUSA Cord Blood Bank Physician founded and operated umbilical cord blood banking company.
- Umbilical Cord Blood - March of Dimes Umbilical cord blood (often called cord blood) is the blood left in the umbilical cord and placenta after the baby is born and the cord is cut. ...
- The Umbilical Cord Cord prolapse passage of the umbilical cord through the cervix prior ... Compromise of the fetal blood flow through the umbilical cord vessels can have serious ...
- Medical Pros & Cons Cord Blood Banking Umbilical cord blood contains blood stem cells that are even more ... Harvesting umbilical cord blood poses no risk to mother or child, whereas a bone marrow ...
- Cord blood: Definition from Answers.com cord blood n. Blood present in the umbilical vessels at the time of delivery.
- Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation: A New Alternative ... Umbilical cord blood (UCB) has being increasingly used as an ... Transplants of umbilical-cord blood or bone marrow from unrelated donors in adults with ...
- Percutaneous Umbilical Cord Blood Sampling Percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling (PUBS) is a diagnostic procedure in which a doctor extracts a sample of fetal blood from the vein in the umbilical cord. ...
- HowStuffWorks "Should you save your baby's umbilical cord blood?" Umbilical cord blood usually gets thrown away as medical waste, but maybe you should keep it. Umbilical cord blood is an important source of CBE stem cells.
- Storing Umbilical Cord Blood: Is storing your baby's ... Evidence that stem cells from umbilical cord blood is a rich resource is quite clear. What is unclear is whether private storage is a wise investment for parents.
- Cord Blood Rights - A Mother's Right to Know Are cord blood stem cells different from other stem cells? ... No. The cord blood is collected only after the baby has been delivered and the umbilical cord has been cut. ...
- AMA - Print Page Reviews use of umbilical cord blood transplantation as an alternative to bone marrow transplantation.
- Cord Blood Forum Approximately 14,000 umbilical cord blood transplants have been ... Cord blood has become a proven source of stem cells for transplantation, and the procedure is no longer ...
- pregnancy - Umbilical Cord Blood As soon as a new baby is born, the umbilical cord that connects the baby to the mother is discarded. ... Since cord blood use for stem cell regeneration might be more ...
- What is cord blood? - National Cord Blood Program ... and the umbilical cord is cut, some blood remains in the blood vessels of the placenta and the portion of the umbilical cord that remains attached to it. ...
- Cord Blood Awareness - Educating America About Cord Blood Banking Cord Blood Awareness - Educating America About Cord Blood Banking ... The region's first public-private umbilical cord blood collection service is being offered through McGee ...
- Umbilical Cord Care Umbilical Cord Care The umbilical cord is the baby's lifeline to the mother during pregnancy. However, it is no longer needed once the baby is born. ...
- Cord Blood Information & Resources Cord Blood Cells (stem cells) Pros and Cons of Banking for Treatment of Disease ... Umbilical cord blood contains blood stem cells that are even more primitive than the ...
- Umbilical Cord Blood - Children's Healthcare of Atlanta The placenta and umbilical cord of a newborn baby are a rich source of blood stem cells. The blood stem cells can be collected when a baby is born by: ...
- CRYO-CELL International Cellular storage company specializing in preserving newborn babies' cord blood stem cells.
- umbilical cord Blood from the umbilical cord of a newborn baby is full of healthy, life ... Umbilical cord blood has been used in more than 3,500 transplants to date, ...
- Umbilical Cord Blood: The Future of Stem Cell Research? Scientists have found that umbilical cord blood may be a new source of organ-growing stem cells. ...
- Umbilical cord blood | savannahnow.com Umbilical cord blood (UCB) contains stem cells for blood and immune system ...
- Progenics Cord Blood Cryobank - FAQ Banking umbilical cord blood, A Gift of Life ... However, umbilical cord blood is another very important source of these precious life saving stem cells. ...
- ACS :: Adults Benefit from Unrelated Donor Cord Blood Transplants Adults with leukemia and other cancers of the blood can use umbilical cord blood from unrelated donors to rebuild their blood systems.
- The Stem Cell Source Unique perspectives, commentary and information about newborn cord blood stem cells. ... Newborn stem cells from umbilical cord blood are saving lives and changing medicine. ...
- Cord Blood Banking - Cord Blood, Umbilical Cord Blood ... Umbilical cord blood is a rich source of stem cells. Cord blood banking lets parents preserve the stem cells of their child, potentially saving the child's life. ...
- HowStuffWorks "Umbilical Cord Blood Uses" Umbilical cord blood uses are important because CBE stem cells are even better than bone marrow for transplants. Learn about umbilical cord blood uses.
- Lifebank Cryogenics Corp. Collects umbilical cord blood for storage for Canadian and international families.
- Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cells | Umbilical Cord Blood ... Umbilical cord blood stem cells are known to treat more than 70 serious diseases. ...
- Cord Blood Forum: Annotated Bibliography Cord Blood Forum. Acute graft-versus-host disease after unrelated donor umbilical cord ... Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation using umbilical-cord blood. ...
- Cord Blood Banking - Physician FAQs | Healthcord Healthcord provides services in collection and storage of umbilical cord blood.